InDesigning.net

One of the mistakes you often see in books, is that the book isn't printed "line on line". Depending on the opacity of the paper it is printed on, you can glimpse the other side of the paper through the page, and if the lines on the opposite site isn't aligned with the ones you are currently reading, it can be really frustrating and make it more difficult to read.

This is one of the reasons we use baseline grids.

By adding a baseline grid with a specific leading to your document, you can make sure that all your text is locked to that grid, and by that, assure the final result is printed "line on line".

The document

I have created a document with a specific top, bottom, inner and outer margin. My main text paragraphs are made with Meta Serif with a 10pt font size on a 13pt leading (in short terms, 10/13pt).

Since the main text paragraphs have a 13pt leading, this is the increment I will use for the baseline grid. The baseline grid is set up in Preferences » Grids.

Preferences » Grids is the place you set up your document baseline grid.

After setting up the baseline grid, I want to make sure that the margins and the text aligns. As you can see in the next image, there is a gap below the last line of the baseline grid, and the bottom margin. In this case the distance is 0.925mm, which i will I will add to the current Start value of the baseline grid, to move the whole grid a bit down on the page and align it to the bottom margin.

Adjusting the baseline grid's start level to align with the bottom margin.

Now in some cases it would be necessary to adjust the documents top margin, to make space for an extra line, but in this case it isn't necessary. If it was the case, the margin should of course be adjusted on the master pages, to affect all pages.

The styles

In this case I am using Meta Serif, 10/13pt, so the first thing I will define in the main paragraph style is the font, the font size and the leading.

The next thing I will define, is that the paragraph style should lock all lines to the baseline grid. This is done in the Indents and Spacing section. In reality, if my leading was set to 10pt, and all lines was set to lock to the baseline grid, the result would still be a 13pt leading. If the style's leading was set to 14pt though, the end result would be a leading of 26pt.

Locking all lines to the baseline grid.

Once you have the baseline grid set up, you can easily use it for many other things. E.g. small subheadings you want to control the space above and below. In the next image you will see a subheading taking up three lines of space, and adjusting the space by 2/3 above and 1/3 below. This is done by locking the lines to the baseline grid and lifting it from the baseline by 8.667pt using Baseline Shift in the Advanced Character Formats section.

I will refer to my screencast on "subheadings the right way" for more information on why I choose to do my subheadings this way.

To lift locked text a specific amount of space from the baseline, you can use Baseline Shift.

Grid based design

Amongst other things you can use the baseline grid for are placement of images, page numbers, running headers etc. Consistently using the same spacing makes the page design more logic - which is why you probably also want to look more into grid based designing.

I just want to add a final comment to using grids for designing. Grids are a great tool and can really help organizing things in a design. Aligning everything perfectly is a great start, but in the end it is the human eye that matters.

If you place images in the baseline grid, you really want the top of the image to optically align with the top of the text, which means you really want the top of the image to begin somewhere else than in the grid, probably in the x-height of the text.

Fine tuning a grid based design is all about optical alignment - the human eye is what matters in the end!

It also means in bigger headings, uncials etc, you probably want to let serifs in A's, V's etc break the left text frame edge a little, to optically align the left edge of the text.

InDesign gives you tools to achieve some of this, but I will save that for upcoming posts in the better typography series.

Check out The Grid System for a lot of templates, articles, tools and inspiration on grid based design.

If you often create books with text in the margin, you probably know the importance of being able to use anchored objects. The only downside to anchored objects are creating them - especially if it is a large book with a lot of text needed to be moved.

I have written a script to help in this process. In short, it does all the hard work for you.

You can easily just download the script, run it, and you will probably quickly figure it out, but I still want to explain how I found the workflow easiest.

The workflow

First of all, you have to ensure that the text you need moved to anchored text frames are marked up using either a character style or a paragraph style.

Text with paragraphs marked up as margin text.

The second thing you should prepare, is an object style for the anchored text frames. By creating an object style you can easily change all locations of the frames at a later point, the look etc.

The Anchored Object Options.

It is also a good idea to specify a paragraph style in the object style, if you would like it to be another than the referring text.

You can specify a paragraph style for your text frame.

The third thing you have to find out, is what the height and width of the anchored frame should be. You have to type in these values when the script is executed. The values can be typed in as any unit, InDesign will automatically convert it to millimeters.

The scripts main window where the options is set.

When the script is executed, you will have the option to either find and move character styles or paragraph styles to anchored text frames. The option to delete matches gives you the choice of leaving the "moved" text in the main text flow.

For character styles, the anchor will be placed after the text, in the beginning of the following word. For paragraphs, the anchor will be placed as the first thing in the next paragraph.

The final result in this case.

The script

The AppleScriptJavaScript can be downloaded here: create_anchored_frames.jsx.

You can add it to your Scripts palette and run it from there. To do that, place the file inside the "~/Library/Preferences/Adobe InDesign/Version 6.0/Scripts/Scripts Panel" folder.

You probably know the issue, which I have also mentioned in a previous blog post - you can't search on paragraph style combinations using GREP search.

The obvious case where this could be handy, is if your story contains a lot of subheadings and indented paragraphs, and you want to make all indented paragraphs, not indented if they are appearing below a subheading. As I mentioned in the GREP wishlist article my current way to do this is by exporting the story as tagged text, and do a regular expression search in a text editor.

Subheadings followed by an indented paragraph.

But not anymore!

Today I wrote a small AppleScriptJavaScript to take care of the issue - it is actually quite simple and doesn't require much introduction. Once you have launched the script, you are asked what pair of styles you are looking for, and what you want them changed to:

Fix paragraph style pairs.

The script will search the current story and fix all occurrences of the pair.

The AppleScriptJavaScript can be downloaded here: fix_pstyle_pairs.jsx.

You can add it to your Scripts palette and run it from there. To do that, place the file inside the "~/Library/Preferences/Adobe InDesign/Version 6.0/Scripts/Scripts Panel" folder. It should work in CS3 and CS4 in Windows and Mac.

Changelog

1.2: InDesign CS5 support, and support for paragraph styles in paragraph style groups

When working with books in multiple columns, you often have to span a heading across two columns – most of the time, this is only done in the beginning of each chapter, but can also occur for subheadings.

In other cases it could also be nice to be able to span a paragraph style across columns, or just a specific offset on the right and left side. For instance if you have a layout with a bigger outer margin, for e.g. column text, where you in the design allow illustrations, tables or photos to fill that extra margin out.

An example of how a layout could look, where spanning an edge of a text frame would be useful.

Currently you can do some workarounds to accomplish these things, since we know that both inline text frames and tables are allowed span the right edge of its parent text frame. So if I want a heading to span two columns, I could choose just to place the heading inside a text frame, which I place inline the text, where the heading should occur, and apply a text wrap to it.

It gets worse though, if you want to span out the left edge. We know it is easy to span simple text a little out the left edge of a text frame by adding some kind of white space before the first character and adjust its negative tracking until it is moved enough to the left. But there is a limit to negative tracking, so it cannot be used in the cases where you wish to span a heading or table out.

Instead these can be placed in an anchored object with a text wrap, that is placed "Inline or Above Line", with the full text column + outer margin width, placed "Towards Spine".

But to ease all of these workarounds, why doesn't Adobe just add a paragraph spanning option? It would be a lot easier!